9) The evidence guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the Performance Criteria, Required Skills and Knowledge, the Range Statement and the Assessment Guidelines for this Training Package. .

The Evidence Guide forms an integral part of this Unit. It must be used in conjunction with all parts of this unit and performed in accordance with the Assessment Guidelines of this Training Package.

Overview of Assessment

9.1)

Longitudinal competency development approaches to assessment, such as Profiling, require data to be reliably gathered in a form that can be consistently interpreted over time. This approach is best utilised in Apprenticeship programs and reduces assessment intervention. It is the industry-preferred model for apprenticeships. However, where summative (or final) assessment is used it is to include the application of the competency in the normal work environment or, at a minimum, the application of the competency in a realistically simulated work environment. In some circumstances, assessment in part or full can occur outside the workplace. However, it must be in accordance with industry and regulatory policy.

Methods chosen for a particular assessment will be influenced by various factors. These include the extent of the assessment, the most effective locations for the assessment activities to take place, access to physical resources, additional safety measures that may be required and the critical nature of the competencies being assessed.

The critical safety nature of working with electricity, electrical equipment, gas or any other hazardous substance/material carries risk in deeming a person competent. Sources of evidence need to be 'rich' in nature to minimise error in judgment.

Activities associated with normal everyday work influence decisions about how/how much the data gathered will contribute to its 'richness'. Some skills are more critical to safety and operational requirements while the same skills may be more or less frequently practised. These points are raised for the assessors to consider when choosing an assessment method and developing assessment instruments. Sample assessment instruments are included for Assessors in the Assessment Guidelines of this Training Package.

Critical aspects of evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

9.2)

Before the critical aspects of evidence are considered all prerequisites must be met.

Evidence for competence in this unit shall be considered holistically. Each Element and associated performance criteria shall be demonstrated on at least two occasions in accordance with the 'Assessment Guidelines - UEE07 '. Evidence shall also comprise:

A representative body of work performance demonstrated within the timeframes typically expected of the discipline, work function and industrial environment. In particular this shall incorporate evidence that shows a candidate is able to:

Implement Occupational Health and Safety workplace procedures and practices including the use of risk control measures as specified in the performance criteria and range statement

Apply sustainable energy principles and practices as specified in the performance criteria and range statement

Demonstrate an understanding of the essential knowledge and associated skills as described in this unit. It may be required by some jurisdictions that RTOs provide a percentile graded result for the purpose of regulatory or licensing requirements.

Demonstrate an appropriate level of skills enabling employment

Conduct work observing the relevant Anti Discrimination legislation, regulations, polices and workplace procedures

Demonstrated consistent performance across a representative range of contexts from the prescribed items below:

Evaluate fluid and thermodynamic parameters of refrigeration systems as described in 8) and including:

A

Determining the extent of the evaluation

B

Setting up and conducting appropriate examinations and tests

C

Documenting evaluation results for use in design work

D

Dealing with unplanned events by drawing on essential knowledge and skills to provide appropriate solutions incorporated in the holistic assessment with the above listed items

Context of and specific resources for assessment

9.3)

This unit should be assessed as it relates to normal work practice using procedures, information and resources typical of a workplace. This should include:

OHS policy and work procedures and instructions.

Suitable work environment, facilities, equipment and materials to undertake actual work as prescribed by this unit.

These should be part of the formal learning/assessment environment.

Note:

Where simulation is considered a suitable strategy for assessment, conditions must be authentic and as far as possible reproduce and replicate the workplace and be consistent with the approved industry simulation policy.

Evidence should show demonstrated competency in evaluating fluid and thermodynamic parameters of refrigeration systems.

Method of assessment

9.4)

This unit shall be assessed by methods given in Volume 1, Part 3 'Assessment Guidelines'.

Note:
Competent performance with inherent safe working practices is expected in the Industry to which this unit applies. This requires assessment in a structured environment which is intended primarily for learning/assessment and incorporates all necessary equipment and facilities for learners to develop and demonstrate the essential knowledge and skills described in this unit.

Concurrent assessment and relationship with other units

9.5)

There are no concurrent assessment recommendations for this unit.

7) This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level, required for this unit.

Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of safe working practices and evaluating fluid and thermodynamic parameters of refrigeration systems.

All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies.

KS01-EJ165A Thermodynamics and fluid fundamentals

Evidence shall show an understanding of refrigeration engineering mathematics, thermodynamics and fluid fundamentals, applying safe working practices and relevant Standards, Codes and Regulations to an extent indicated by the following aspects:

T1. Matrices

The operations: addition (subtraction), scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication up to 3x3 matrices.

Identity matrix, inverse matrix

Elementary algebraic manipulation of matrices

Solve up to three equations (linear) in three unknowns using inverse matrices and determinants.

T2. Quadratic Functions

Graphs of quadratic functions represented by parabolas and significance of the leading coefficient

Zeros represented graphically

Solve quadratic equations by factoring and quadratic formula

Solve simultaneously linear and quadratic equations algebraically and geometrically.

Engineering Mathematics- B

T3. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Laws of indices

Graph of f(x) = kabx, emphasising a = 10, e

Definition of the logarithm to any base

Graph of f(x) = k loga bx, emphasising a = 10, e

Solve exponential and simple log equations using indices, logs, calculator, graphically

Change of log base, emphasising 10 and e

Growth and decay

T4. Trigonometric Functions

The ratios: sin, cos, tan, cosec, sec, cot

Degrees, radians

Graphs of k f(ax + b) where f(x) = sin x, cos x, tan x, and significance of k,a,b, for example V = Vm sin (wt+ f)

Trigonometric identities

Solve trigonometric equations

T5. Energy and humanity

Need for energy and relationship between energy usage and standard of living

Energy conversion - typical processes and efficiencies

Sources of energy

Solar energy - direct heating, photosynthesis, solar cells, power tower, hydrogen for solar energy, ocean thermal energy collector, solar ponds, wind and wave energy, hydro-electric power

Geothermal energy

Tidal energy

Nuclear energy - fission and fusion, burner and breeder reactors

Stored fuel reserves

Fuel conservation - reduction in wastage, recycling, greater usage efficiency and use of waste heat

Thermodynamics

T6. Basic Concepts

Nature of matter - atoms, molecules, inter-molecular forces, molecular motion, states of matter

Mass and conservation of mass principle

Volume, density, specific volume, relative density

Force, weight, pressure (atmospheric, gauge and absolute)

Temperature (Celsius and Kelvin)

Systems and black box analysis

Reciprocating piston and cylinder mechanism – pressure ratio and compression ratio

T7. Energy

Definition and principles

Potential energy

Kinetic energy

Work (linear and rotational), constant and variable force, relationship to pressure and volume change

Power (linear and rotational)

Sensible heat - specific heat capacity (constant pressure and constant volume)

Latent heat

Chemical energy - energy content of a fuel

Internal energy

Energy transfer in closed and open systems

Definition of a closed system

Calorimetry as an example of a closed system (with or without phase change)

Thermodynamics 1

Non-flow energy equation - typical applications such as stirring with simultaneous heating or cooling

Definition of an open system

Mass and volume flow rate and continuity equation

Steady flow energy equation (negligible change in kinetic or potential energy) leading to the concept of enthalpy - typical applications such as turbines, compressors, boilers and heat exchangers.

T8. Gases

Definition of a perfect or ideal gas in terms of the molecular model

General gas equation

Characteristic gas equation (equation of state)

Constant pressure process

Constant volume process

Isothermal process

Polytropic process

Adiabatic process

T9. Heat engines

Definition of a heat engine

Essentials of a heat engine - heat source, heat sink, working substance, mechanical power output, working cycle

Energy balance for a heat engine (as a black box) and efficiency

Maximum possible efficiency (Carnot efficiency)

Types of heat engines according to working substance, heat source, mechanical arrangement and working cycle

Typical practical cycles - Stirling, Otto, Diesel, dual, two stroke (spark and compression ignition. Joule cycle.

Thermodynamics 1

T10. Heat engine performance

Measurement of torque and power output - rope brake, shoe brake, hydraulic dynamometer, electric dynamometer

Heat supply rate, efficiency, specific fuel consumption

Measurement of indicated power - mechanical indicator, electric/electronic indicator, Morse test

Friction power, mechanical efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency

Volumetric efficiency

Energy balance

Performance curves - variable load constant speed, variable speed constant throttle setting.

T11. Basic properties of fluids

Description of a fluid and the difference between solids and fluids, liquids and gases, hydraulics and pneumatics

Chemical properties, reaction with metals, corrosiveness, flammability, toxicity, pollution and environmental

effects

Dissolves gases and particles in liquids (slurries)

Foaming of liquids. Basic properties and units - mass, volume, density, specific volume, relative density, force and weight, pressure (absolute, atmospheric and gauge), temperature (Celsius and Kelvin), viscosity, surface tension

Vapour pressure of a liquid - saturation vapour pressure

Temperature and pressure effects on the basic properties

Ideal/perfect gases and liquids

Gas laws for ideal gases

Fluid Mechanics 1

T12. Components

Pipes, channels, tubes and ducts (rigid and flexible)

Valves - gate, globe, non-return/foot, needle, ball, plug cock, diaphragm, pressure regulating/reducing, safety

valves

Filters and strainers for gases and liquids

Gauges and instruments - pressure and temperature gauges, liquid level gauges, thermometers, thermocouples, manometers, piezometers

Pipe fittings - elbows/bends, enlargement/contractions, coupler/unions, tees

Tanks and vessels - storage tanks, pressure vessels, header and surge tanks, weirs/dams/reservoirs

Nozzles/spray heads

Flow measurement instruments - venturi and orifice meters, pitot tube, rotameter, anemometer (fan/hot wire)

Pumps/compressors, motors/turbines

Actuators - linear (cylinders) and rotary

Selection of equipment and instruments considering properties and compatibility

T13. Fluid statics

Pressure at a point, direction of pressure on a surface

Pressure variation with depth in a liquid

Pascal’s Principle

Manometer/piezometer calculations (vertical and inclined)

Forces due to fluid pressure on vertical, horizontal and inclined surfaces

Centre of pressure

Archimedes Principle - buoyancy, flotation, apparent weight and centre of buoyancy

Fluid flow

Steady and unsteady flow, streamlines and eddies

Velocity - average or mean and local

Mass and volume flow rate

Conservation of mass leading to the Continuity Equation for fluid flow

Modification of the Continuity Equation for volume flow of liquids or gases with small changes in density

Bernoulli Equation for ideal fluids, meaning of pressure, velocity and potential head. Total head

Causes of head loss and modification of the Bernoulli Equation to include a head loss term for real fluids

T14. Fluid power

Definition and units for work, torque and power

Relationship between force, velocity and power and torque, angular velocity and power

Work done by a gas expanding at constant pressure

Relationship between fluid power, mass flow rate and head

Relationship between fluid power, volume flow rate and pressure

Efficiency of a pump or turbine

Modification of the Bernoulli Equation to include a pump or turbine in the fluid circuit as well as a head loss term

T15. Forces developed by flowing fluids

Impulse-momentum equation for fluid flow

Force developed by a jet striking a stationary plate - perpendicular, inclined or curved

Force developed by a jet striking a moving plate or blade

Force developed by a jet striking a series of moving plates or blades - power developed and efficiency

8) This relates to the unit as a whole providing the range of contexts and conditions to which the performance criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect performance.

This unit must be demonstrated in relation to evaluating and reporting fluid and thermodynamic parameters at least two different types of refrigeration systems.

Generic terms used throughout this Vocational Standard shall be regarded as part of the Range Statement in which competency is demonstrated. The definition of these and other terms that apply are given in Volume 2, Part 2.1.